When using the usual commercial test procedures or selective media burkholderia cepacia were often identified or overlooked wrong. In patients with cgd, phagocyte destruction of catalaseproducing organisms is impaired, resulting in recurrent and potentially fatal infections. The word complex has several meanings and synonyms such as composite, obsession, heterogeneous, mixed and network, can all be used in its place. This antibacterial is typically given intravenously in the hospital and often prescribed in combination with other drugs.
Sep 01, 2010 bacteria of the burkholderia cepacia complex bcc are associated with severe infection in cystic fibrosis. Burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that has become a major threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis cf. Some of these species are found more frequently and cause more severe disease than others, yet metabolomic differences between these have not been described. The burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of closely related bacterial species with large genomes that infect immunocompromised individuals and those living with cystic fibrosis. Burkholderia cepacia, a catalaseproducing organism, is known to infect patients with dysfunctional immune systems. Agricultural use of burkholderia pseudomonas cepacia. Burkholderia cepacia in pharmaceutical industries medcrave. This is of great concern because of the limited number of antibiotics available to fight this bacteria. On september 23, 2016, the maryland department of health and mental hygiene external icon alerted cdc to a cluster of b.
Infeccao respiratoria por bacterias do complexo burkholderia. The growth rate was not the key factor for the development of resistance. Dowson2 1 cardiff school of biosciences, cardiff university, main building, cardiff, uk. Transconjugant bacterium pseudomonas cepacia 17616ptom31c pcl7616ptom31c was used in all of the toxicity, plasmid loss, and injury. Atypical presentation of chronic granulomatous disease. Burkholderia cepacia in people with cystic fibrosis. Mucoid and nonmucoid burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria in. Burkholderia cepacia is an important opportunistic pathogen and causes pulmonary infection among individuals with cystic fibrosis cf. Burkholderia cepacia is an environmental organism that has no specific nutritional requirements and may survive for months in water, sinks, antiseptic solutions chlorhexidine, quaternary ammoniums, povidoneiodine, pharmaceutical products, dialysis fluid and various injectable solutions. The name of burkholderia cepacia formerly pseudomonas cepacia is derived from the american microbiologist walter burkholder, who first isolated in 1950 from the seed rotting onion bulbs.
The localization of burkholderia cepacia complex bcc bacteria in cystic fibrosis cf lungs, alone or during coinfection with pseudomonas aeruginosa, is poorly understood. A medicine called meropenem is the most active drug used to treat b cepacia. Burkholderia multivorans formerly genomovar ii, burkholderia stabilis formerly genomovar iv, and burkholderia vietnamiensis formerly genomovar v. Bacteria in the genus burkholderia are gramnegative bacilli that include species with the potential to cause lifethreatening human infections. When necessary, changes are enforced by specialists, called taxonomists, who attempt to classify bacteria into families according to shared. The growth phase and the mode of growth have a fundamental impact on the susceptibility of b. Chronic granulomatous disease cgd is a rare inherited disorder of neutrophil oxidative burst.
In less than 10 years, we have seen the status of this bacterium move from. Differences in cystic fibrosisassociated burkholderia spp. The organism may lead to burkholderia cepacia syndrome, a neutralizing pneumonia associated with fever that culminates in to a rapid and fatal clinical deterioration 1. Pitt t, kaufmann m, patel p, benge l, gaskin s, livermore d. This handout is designed to educate you about what you can do to avoid contracting or spreading b. Burkholderia cepacia complex bcc, or simply burkholderia cepacia, is a group of catalaseproducing, lactosenonfermenting, gramnegative bacteria composed of at. Identification of burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria. Burkholderia cepacia complex infection in patients with. Burkholderia are bacteria that were recognized as members of the nonfluorescent pseudomonads. Increasing resistance of planktonic and biofilm cultures of.
Burkholderia cepacia can be found in soil, water, and infected plants, animals, and humans. The burkholderia cepacia complex bcc is a group of genetically related environmental bacteria that can cause chronic opportunistic infections in patients with cystic fibrosis cf and other underlying diseases. Burkholderia is a genus of proteobacteria whose pathogenic members include the burkholderia cepacia complex which attacks humans and burkholderia mallei, responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related animals. Identification of burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria with a. Q why was the name changed from pseudomonas cepacia to burkholderia cepacia. So, try moldstat plus today to remove and destroy odors, bacteria, viruses, and fungi, including potentially diseasecausing, even fatal, burkholderia complex bacteria such as burkholderia cepacia. Type characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of burkholderia pseudomonas cepacia isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis in the united kingdom and republic of ireland. Our objective was to determine whether pulmonary exacerbations of cf are associated with acquisition of new b cepacia strains or with b cepacia strain replacement. Some of these species pose serious risks to the health of a person with cystic fibrosis. Cepacia is not easy to be detected in laboratories and can be transmitted to products through raw materials, different water sources or even machine surfaces.
The agency classified this as a class i recall because the product was contaminated with burkholderia cepacia. Burkholderia cepacia, a bacteria which used to be called pseudomonas cepacia, is a rare but significant threat to people living with cystic fibrosis cf. Burkholderia cepacia in pharmaceutical industries 33 copright. Pseudomonas cepacia pseudomonas kingii pseudomonas multivorans slippery skin of onion sour skin of onion pseudomonas cepacia pseudomonas kingii pseudomonas multivorans. Burkholderia cepacia download pdf here description. To identify the causal agent, we performed bacterial isolation, pathogenicity tests, physiological analysis, sequencing of the 16s rrna region and reca gene, and phylogenetic analysis. Identification of burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria peter vandamme, phd professor laboratory of microbiology, faculty of sciences ghent university belgium the burkholderia cepacia complex bcc is a versatile group of bacteria that occupies diverse ecological niches such as soil, water, animals, plants and humans. Burkholderia cepacia, formally pseudomonas cepacia, is a bacterium that can be found in soil and water.
Different pharmaceutical suspensions were artificially contaminated with b. The usp monograph requires no microbial testing for this product. Bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and from inside the roots and stems of sugarcane plants grown in the field in brazil. The detection of the pathogen is done by growing from respirationstraktmaterialien. Burkholderia previously known as pseudomonas cepacia, a nutritionally versatile, gramnegative organism, was first described in 1949 by walter burkholder of cornell university, as the phytopathogen responsible for a bacterial rot of onions. Bacteria can spread between cf patients through social contact and sometimes. They are important opportunistic human pathogens that cause devastating infections in patients with cystic fibrosis cf 8, and in other vulnerable individuals. Burkholderia cepacia produces a hemolysin that is capable of. They have been found to possess multitrichous polar flagella as well as pili used for attachment.
Pseudomonas cepacia definition of pseudomonas cepacia by. After a 24 h incubation in trypticase soy broth with. Taxonomy and identification of the burkholderia cepacia. The burkholderia cepacia complex bcc is a group of closely related gram negative bacteria comprising at least 9 species 1. It can cause serious respiratory infections in patients who are susceptible to illness. Burkholderia cepacia complex bcc or burkholderia cepacia bcc or burkholderia cepacia covers a group of gramnegative bacteria lipuma 2005 that can cause pneumonia in immunecompromised patients, especially those with cystic fibrosis. Burkholderia cepacia complex bcc bacteria can adapt to the lung environment of cystic fibrosis cf patients resulting in the emergence of a very difficult to eradicate heterogeneous population. Bcc bacteria emerged as important cf pathogens during the 1980s, when some infected patients exhibited a rapid clinical deterioration due to necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis, resulting in early death.
Fda updates on 2017 burkholderia cepacia contamination. On september 23, 2016, the maryland department of health and mental hygieneexternal icon alerted cdc to a cluster of b. A realtime polymerase chain reaction rtpcr assay was developed to detect burkholderia cepacia in pharmaceutical products contaminated with low levels of bacteria. Burkholderia cepacia refers to a group of bacteria that can cause infections in the body, most often infecting the lungs. Pseudomonas cepacia a group of closely related gramnegative, nonlactose fermenting bacteria found in natural environments including soil, water, plants and animals first discovered in 1949 as the cause of onion skin rot, first described as a human pathogen in the 1950s.
Numerous studies have provided compelling evidence for transmission of b. These infections are difficult to treat due to the inherent resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics. Parallel in vitro experiments examined the growth of two bcc. Parallel in vitro experiments examined the growth of two bcc species. Bacteria of the burkholderia cepacia complex consist of five discrete genomic species, including genomovars i and iii and three new species. Strains of all five genomovars are capable of causing opportunistic human infection, and.
As is the case with other gramnegative bacteria, burkholderia species produce lps, which is an abundant component of the bacterial cell surface. Burkholderia cepaciais one of the most common bacterial species found in contaminated pharmaceutical products, in some years it was considered to be number one bacterial species found in contaminated pharmaceutical products. Members of the burkholderia cepacia complex bcc are gramnegative bacteria of the. Burkholderia cepacia an overview sciencedirect topics. Learn about the characteristics of these bacteria and how to identify them. Localization of burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria in. It is named after the american microbiologist, william burkholder, who described the organism in 1950 as the cause of onion rot. Additional bacteria, yeast, and mold contaminants were also found in the pharmatech docusate sodium oral liquid samples recently tested by fda.
This is often referred to as the burkholderia cepacia complex bcc. Infection with burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria and. Some strains of burkholderia bacteria are spread from person to person or by contamination of disinfectants, including in hospital settings. Burkholderia cepacia complex infections in cystic fibrosis patients. The burkholderia cepaciacomplex is a very diverse group of bacteria. Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of gramnegative, nonspore forming bacilli composed of approximately 17 closelyrelated species which are grouped into nine genomovars. Chemical and biological features of burkholderia cepacia complex. While the infection is most often symptomfree, it can turn serious, and even lifethreatening. Multiple insect taxa engage in symbioses with bacteria of the genus burkholderia, a diverse group that is widespread across different environments. Ordinarily it is not a pathogen in the ambulatory setting but may colonize and or infect the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis. Burkholderia cepacia causing cf centre epidemics in north america and britain.
Our obsession with bacteria from the burkholderia cepacia complex started in the early 1990s. The genus burkholderia is an extremely heterogeneous group that includes soil bacteria, plantgrowthpromoting rhizobacteria, and human and plant pathogens. Bacteria of the burkholderia cepacia complex bcc, a group of nine related species, are opportunistic pathogens in cystic fibrosis cf patients, associated with a poor prognosis and patientto. There is a very low incidence of chemical sensitivity amongst the users of moldstat plus.
Thirtysix patients from seven centers who were chronically infected with b cepacia. Dowson2 1 cardiff school of biosciences, cardiff university, main building, cardiff, uk 2 department of biological sciences, warwick university, coventry, uk introduction. Identification of burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria with. Pdf versatile and dynamic symbioses between insects and. The genus burkholderia includes many bacteria that cause serious human infections.
A decade of burkholderia cenocepacia virulence determinant. Burkholderia cepacia a group of at least 17 pseudomonaslike gramnegative bacteria found in the environmente. Review article burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria. Burkholderia cepacia in healthcare settings hai cdc. Pdf the burkholderia cepacia complex bcc is a collection of nine genotypically distinct but phenotypically similar species.
The burkholderia cepacia complex bcc is a group of closely related gramnegative bacteria comprising at least 9 species 1. This fatal decline in the patients clinical condition became known as the cepacia syndrome and was not observed for patients infected with any of the other cf pathogens. Pdf bacteria of the burkholderia cepacia complex are cyanogenic. Burkholderia anthina sp nov and burkholderia pyrrocinia. Burkholderia cepacia is a species of bacterium that is commonly found. Burkholderia pseudomallei, causative agent of melioidosis. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Multistate outbreak of burkholderia cepacia bloodstream. Pdf taxonomy and identification of the burkholderia cepacia. In approximately 20% of patients, pulmonary colonization with b. Bacteria belonging to the burkholderia cepacia complex are important pathogens in persons with cystic fibrosis cf. Organisms comprising the burkholderia cepacia com plex bcc are increasingly recognised as human pathogens.
Strains of burkholderia cepacia can survive within vacuoles of freeliving amoebae 37. Diversity of cultivated endophytic bacteria from sugarcane. Recent evidence shows that the mucoid phenotype is common in bcc bacteria. Studies have shown that cystic fibrosis cf patients who are chronically infected with burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria may potentially acquire new strains of b cepacia.
Taxonomy and identification of the burkholderia cepacia complex. A the names of bacteria are not changed without good reason. People with cystic fibrosis cf are susceptible to infection by several burkholderia species comprising the burkholderia cepacia complex bcc lipuma, 2005. Burkholderia cepacia agent information sheet research. Many of the cultivated endophytic bacteria were shown to produce the plant growth hormone indoleacetic acid, and this trait.
Burkholderia cepacia is a species of bacterium that is commonly found in natural environments such as soil, water, rhizosphere and agriculture products. Dnabased diagnostic approaches for identification of. En estados unidos, estos germenes con mayor frecuencia ocasionan problemas en circunstancias como las siguientes. The burkholderia cepacia complex bcc comprises at least 17 closelyrelated species of the. Burkholderia cepacia diagnosis and prevalence of resistance.
Endophytic bacteria were found in both the roots and the stems of sugarcane plants, with a significantly higher density in the roots. As classification of bacteria evolved over time and as improvements in molecular tools for bacterial identification occurred, they became members of the rrna homology group ii. Respiratory tract infection may persist for months or years or be associated with lifethreatening acute illness. Burkholderia cepacia are aerobic rodshaped, freeliving, motile gram negative bacteria ranging from 1. Identification of burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria peter vandamme, phd professor laboratory of microbiology, faculty of sciences ghent university belgium the burkholderia cepacia complex bcc is a versatile group of bacteria that occupies diverse ecological niches.